Exclude certain types in TypeScript

The Exclude type in TypeScript is a way to exclude certain types from a union.

Let's say you use a third-party package that exports a function with an optional parameter. The parameter uses an inline type which is not exported:

export function fetch(sortBy?: "name" | "date" | "rating") {}

You now want to extract the type of sortBy but exclude undefined from the union (undefined is allowed because the param is optional).

You can use Parameters<T> to get the parameters of the function and Exclude<T> to exclude undefined:

type SortBy = Exclude<Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], undefined>;
// Results in: type SortBy = "name" | "date" | "rating"